eeprom: at24: fix memory corruption race condition

eeprom: at24: fix memory corruption race condition

If the eeprom is not accessible, an nvmem device will be registered, the
read will fail, and the device will be torn down. If another driver
accesses the nvmem device after the teardown, it will reference
invalid memory.

Move the failure point before registering the nvmem device.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Okazaki <dtokazaki@google.com>
Fixes: b20eb4c1f026 ("eeprom: at24: drop unnecessary label")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240422174337.2487142-1-dtokazaki@google.com
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@linaro.org>