Chris Morgan [Tue, 2 Jan 2024 15:46:54 +0000 (09:46 -0600)]
doc: board: anbernic: Update rgxx3 to add new boards
Update the RGxx3 documentation to note that it now supports the
RG-ARC-D, RG-ARC-S, Powkiddy RK2023, and Powkiddy RGB30. Also update
verbiage around panel detection to note that it is no longer hard coded
to the RG503.
Signed-off-by: Chris Morgan <macromorgan@hotmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kever Yang <kever.yang@rock-chips.com>
Chris Morgan [Tue, 2 Jan 2024 15:46:53 +0000 (09:46 -0600)]
board: rockchip: Add support for new boards to RGxx3
Add support for the Anbernic RG-ARC-D, Anbernic RG-ARC-S, Powkiddy
RK2023, and Powkiddy RGB30 to the Anbernic RGxx3. While the Powkiddy
devices are manufactured by Powkiddy instead of Anbernic,
the hardware is so similar they can all use the same bootloader.
Signed-off-by: Chris Morgan <macromorgan@hotmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kever Yang <kever.yang@rock-chips.com>
Chris Morgan [Tue, 2 Jan 2024 15:46:48 +0000 (09:46 -0600)]
board: rockchip: Refactor panel auto-detect code
Make the inability to detect a panel using the auto detection code not
fail the entire boot process. This means that if the panel ID cannot
be read we don't set an environment variable for the panel, and if an
environment variable for the panel is not set we don't attempt to
update the compatible string. Changes to the code also ensure that
when there are multiple compatible strings required for the panel
we use them both, which solves some issues that will pop up soon
for the Linux driver.
Signed-off-by: Chris Morgan <macromorgan@hotmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kever Yang <kever.yang@rock-chips.com>
U-Boot proper automatically modifies boot_targets to swap the order in
which MMC storage media are used for standard boot based on which MMC
storage medium was used to load U-Boot proper. This is however only done
if the user has not changed it manually, therefore a check between the
default and current value is done.
This used to work fine until the migration to standard boot where
boot_targets value size in the default environment went above the 32
characters that env_get_default function can return, thus resulting in a
truncated variable.
Therefore the check between default and current value would always fail.
By using the newly added env_get_default_into function, a buffer of
the appropriate size can be allocated on the stack to get the whole
value of boot_targets in the default environment and thus fixing the
check.
Quentin Schulz [Wed, 17 Jan 2024 17:59:12 +0000 (18:59 +0100)]
env: migrate env_get_default to call env_get_default_into
Since both functions share a similar goal and env_get_default_into can
do what env_get_default wants to do with specific arguments, let's make
env_get_default call env_get_default_into so as to avoid code
duplication.
Cc: Quentin Schulz <foss+uboot@0leil.net> Reviewed-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com> Reviewed-by: Kever Yang <kever.yang@rock-chips.com> Signed-off-by: Quentin Schulz <quentin.schulz@theobroma-systems.com>
Quentin Schulz [Wed, 17 Jan 2024 17:59:11 +0000 (18:59 +0100)]
env: allow to copy value from default environment into a buffer
env_get_default suffers from a particular issue int that it can only
return a value truncated to gd->env_buf (32) characters. This may be
enough for most variables but it isn't for others, so let's allow users
to provide a preallocated buffer to copy the value into instead,
allowing for more control, though it'll still be truncated if the value
size is bigger than the preallocated buffer.
Cc: Quentin Schulz <foss+uboot@0leil.net> Reviewed-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com> Reviewed-by: Kever Yang <kever.yang@rock-chips.com> Signed-off-by: Quentin Schulz <quentin.schulz@theobroma-systems.com>
Quentin Schulz [Wed, 17 Jan 2024 17:59:10 +0000 (18:59 +0100)]
rockchip: ringneck-px30/puma-rk3399: factor out storage medium selection
Ringneck PX30 and Puma RK3399 both have the same expectation with regard
to bootstd device order and U-Boot environment storage device, except
that Puma RK3399 also supports SPI Flash.
Let's move all of this into a common file where common logic can be put.
Quentin Schulz [Wed, 17 Jan 2024 17:59:09 +0000 (18:59 +0100)]
rockchip: puma-rk3399: do not hardcode MMC controller paths
To prepare to put the similar logic around storage medium selection for
Ringneck PX30 and Puma RK3399 in common, let's not use hardcoded paths
but use uclass functions instead to find udevice based on their DT node
full path.
Quentin Schulz [Wed, 17 Jan 2024 17:59:08 +0000 (18:59 +0100)]
rockchip: ringneck-px30: do not hardcode MMC controller paths
To prepare to put the similar logic around storage medium selection for
Ringneck PX30 and Puma RK3399 in common, let's not use hardcoded paths
but use uclass functions instead to find udevice based on their DT node
full path.
Jonas Karlman [Fri, 17 Nov 2023 23:24:34 +0000 (23:24 +0000)]
rockchip: rk3588: Fix boot from SPI flash
The commit fd6e425be243 ("rockchip: rk3588-rock-5b: Enable boot from SPI
NOR flash") added a new BROM_BOOTSOURCE_SPINOR_RK3588 with value 6.
At the time the reason for this new bootsource id value 6 was unknown.
We now know that the BootRom on RK3588 use different bootsource id
values depending on the iomux used by the flash spi controller, and not
by the type of spi nor or spi nand flash used.
Add the following enum values and use them for RK3588 boot_devices.
Hugh Cole-Baker [Tue, 26 Dec 2023 16:43:30 +0000 (16:43 +0000)]
rockchip: rk35xx: expand space for decompressed kernel
An uncompressed 6.7.0-rc1 Linux kernel Image built with the arm64
defconfig is about 40MB. This does not fit in to the space between
kernel_comp_addr_r and fdt_addr_r, so when uncompressing an Image.gz
to this size, the FDT will be overwritten. Rearrange addresses to have
128MiB for the kernel and its decompression buffer, then devicetree,
overlay and ramdisk at the end.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Cole-Baker <sigmaris@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kever Yang <kever.yang@rock-chips.com>
Jonas Karlman [Sun, 12 Nov 2023 17:48:58 +0000 (17:48 +0000)]
rockchip: board: Remove dwc3 usb init and gadget handler functions
Remove board_usb_init() and dm_usb_gadget_handle_interrupts() functions
related to dwc3, they use e.g. a hard-coded reg address for RK3399 and
are obsolete with use of DM_USB_GADGET.
Use of DM_USB_GADGET, USB_DWC3_GENERIC and USB_DWC3_GADGET have replaced
same feature provided by the removed functions on RK3399 boards.
Signed-off-by: Jonas Karlman <jonas@kwiboo.se> Reviewed-by: Kever Yang <kever.yang@rock-chips.com>
Jonas Karlman [Sun, 12 Nov 2023 17:48:57 +0000 (17:48 +0000)]
configs: rockchip: Use dwc3-generic driver on RK3328 and RK3399
Complete the transition away from xhci-dwc3 and dwc3-of-simple drivers
and change to use the dwc3-generic driver on remaining RK3328 and RK3399
boards.
MISC, USB_DWC3 and USB_DWC3_GENERIC is enabled on boards that used to
enable USB_XHCI_DWC3. USB_XHCI_DWC3 is dropped from updated boards along
with the default y of USB_XHCI_DWC3_OF_SIMPLE.
There is no intended change in functionality with this changes, USB 3.0
is expected to continue same as before this change.
Signed-off-by: Jonas Karlman <jonas@kwiboo.se> Reviewed-by: Marek Vasut <marex@denx.de> Reviewed-by: Kever Yang <kever.yang@rock-chips.com>
Tom Rini [Thu, 18 Jan 2024 16:38:25 +0000 (11:38 -0500)]
Revert "test: hush: dollar: fix bugous behavior"
What we were doing here amounts to simplifying the code for the new hush
parser, and the workarounds are required when using the old one. As we
have returned to having the old parser be default for now, we must undo
this so that the test passes again.
Tom Rini [Thu, 18 Jan 2024 14:07:25 +0000 (09:07 -0500)]
Revert "cmd: Set modern hush as default shell"
Currently at least two SoC families are able to cause a crash using
their regular boot scripts, with the new parser. For now, revert to the
old parser as default.
Tom Rini [Wed, 17 Jan 2024 22:12:36 +0000 (17:12 -0500)]
test: test_trace.py: Have trace-cmd report always use -l
With newer versions of trace-cmd the report subcommand will have
different output from before if we do or do not pass -l. However, with
the -l flag passed our put is consistent here. This updates our regular
expressions and comments for this as well now.
QEMU commit 0c7ffc977195 ("hw/net: cadence_gem: Fix MDIO_OP_xxx values")
is needed to fix the Ethernet PHY driver used by the emulated SiFive
Unleashed Board emulation.
Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
Tom Rini [Wed, 17 Jan 2024 14:27:43 +0000 (09:27 -0500)]
Merge tag 'xilinx-for-v2024.04-rc1-v2' of https://source.denx.de/u-boot/custodians/u-boot-microblaze
Xilinx changes for v2024.04-rc1-v2
xilinx:
- Enable NFS, WGET, DNS and BLKMAP by default
zynqmp:
- Support new power-management node
- Remove multiple blank lines from DTSes
- Wire multiboot with DFU infrastructure
- Fix i2c-gpio pinctrl group name
- SOM DT changes (phy on kd240, kv260 cleanups
- Cleanup i2c bus on zcu1285
- DT cleanup (fix node names not to use _)
- Fix USB interrupts
- Cleanup zcu100 DT
- Add support for kaslr-seed
Tom Rini [Wed, 17 Jan 2024 14:27:23 +0000 (09:27 -0500)]
Merge tag 'efi-2024-04-rc1-2' of https://source.denx.de/u-boot/custodians/u-boot-efi
Documentation:
* add generated index to table of contents
* create index entries for commands
* update Python packages used to build the documentation
* fix typos in dfu documentation
- Add more pytests to exercise functionality on real hardware, cleanup
and add tests around "cp"/memmove, add phyCORE-AM62x and Phytium
Pe2201 platforms, Nuvoton NPCM BMC reset driver and improve QEMU
SMBIOS support
The first sentence is half-way true; the macro is always defined, but
has the value 0 or 1.
The second is outright false. A lot of code guarded by
MEM_SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA uses a "ulong" to store values, so if
sizeof(long) is not 8, that code would probably compile, but not work
at all as expected.
It would probably be possible to make all such code explicitly use u64
and thus make it work on 32 bit targets, but until that is done, do
not pretend that it's ok to override the automatic value of
MEM_SUPPORT_64BIT_DATA.
AKASHI Takahiro [Wed, 17 Jan 2024 04:39:44 +0000 (13:39 +0900)]
fs: remove explicit efi configuration dependency
Now it is clear that the feature actually depends on efi interfaces,
not "bootefi" command. efi_set_bootdev() will automatically be nullified
if necessary efi component is disabled.
Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
Now it is clear that the feature actually depends on efi interfaces,
not "bootefi" command. efi_set_bootdev() will automatically be nullified
if necessary efi component is disabled.
Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Ramon Fried <rfried.dev@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
AKASHI Takahiro [Wed, 17 Jan 2024 04:39:41 +0000 (13:39 +0900)]
efi_loader: split unrelated code from efi_bootmgr.c
Some code moved from cmd/bootefi.c is actually necessary only for "bootefi
<addr>" command (starting an image manually loaded by a user using U-Boot
load commands or other methods (like JTAG debugger).
The code will never been opted out as unused code by a compiler which
doesn't know how EFI boot manager is implemented. So introduce a new
configuration, CONFIG_EFI_BINARY_EXEC, to enforce them opted out
explicitly.
We want to override the Sphinx theme only partially. So we need to
import the Sphinx theme.css. Cf.
https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/guides/adding-custom-css.html
We also need to import the pygments.css for syntax highlighing.
Use sans-serif for body.
Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
Newer versions of sphinx_rtd_theme require to add sphinx_rtd_theme to the
list of extensions. Cf.
https://github.com/readthedocs/readthedocs.org/pull/9654
Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
Oliver Faso [Sun, 14 Jan 2024 13:18:19 +0000 (14:18 +0100)]
docs/sphinx: Explicitly convert Sphinx paths to str
Sphinx 7.2+ is switching to using pathlib.Path
instead of str to represent paths. This fixes the
current deprecation warnings and eventual breakage.
This conversion will be a no-op when using older
Sphinx versions.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Faso <erer1243@gmail.com> Tested-by: Akira Yokosawa <akiyks@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230910040811.53046-1-erer1243@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
Create a ft_board_setup() api that gets called as part
of bootm/booti before jumping to kernel. In this
ft_board_setup() callback that will inspect the DTB
and insert the device tree blob with the "kaslr-seed" property.
cmd/command.c: relax length check in cmd_get_data_size()
Just check that the length is at least 2. This allows passing strings
like ".b", which can be convenient when constructing
tests (i.e. parametrizing the suffix used).
cmd/command.c: constify "arg" argument of cmd_get_data_size()
This function obviously does not and must not modify "arg". Change the
prototype to allow passing an argument of type "const char*" without
requiring a cast.
There's no 'mv' shell command for handling overlapping src and dst
regions, and there's no point introducing one, when we can just make
the existing 'cp' command DTRT in all cases. memmove() should at most
be a few instructions more then memcpy() (to detect the appropriate
direction to do the copy), which is of course completely in the noise
with all the string processing that a shell command does.
Reviewed-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <rasmus.villemoes@prevas.dk>
Love Kumar [Wed, 3 Jan 2024 10:29:42 +0000 (15:59 +0530)]
test/py: memtest: Add tests for mtest command
Add the following memory tests:
memtest_negative - To test mtest command by providing incorrect inputs
memtest_ddr - To test memory write-read-comparision for DDR memory
Jim Liu [Wed, 3 Jan 2024 07:29:33 +0000 (15:29 +0800)]
reset: npcm: Add support for Nuvoton NPCM BMC family
Add reset controller driver for Nuvoton BMCs.
The npcm reset driver not only supports reset each module reset
but setting initial value of reset Control Registers.
Love Kumar [Tue, 2 Jan 2024 06:47:07 +0000 (12:17 +0530)]
test/py: i2c: Add tests for i2c command
Add below test cases for i2c commands:
i2c_bus - To show i2c bus info,
i2c_dev - To set or show the current bus,
i2c_probe - To probe the i2c device,
i2c_eeprom - To test i2c eeprom device,
i2c_probe_all_buses - To list down all the buses and probes it
Love Kumar [Tue, 2 Jan 2024 06:44:35 +0000 (12:14 +0530)]
test/py: mii: Add tests for mii command
Add below test cases for mii commands:
mii_info -To display MII PHY info
mii_list - To list MII devices
mii_set_device - To set MII device
mii_read - To reads register from MII PHY address
mii_dump - To display data from MII PHY address
Signed-off-by: Love Kumar <love.kumar@amd.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
TracyMg_Li [Mon, 25 Dec 2023 03:21:34 +0000 (11:21 +0800)]
ARM add initial support for the Phytium Pe2201 Board.
Add pe2201 platform code and the device tree of pe2201 platform board.
The initial support comprises the UART and PCIe.
Signed-off-by: TracyMg_Li <TracyMg_Li@outlook.com>
Changes since v1:
fix space corrupt.
Changes since v2:
switch to bootstd and text environment.
Changes since v3:
add environment variables.
next_header() and get_next_header() only differ in how the const attribute
is used. One function taking a const parameter and returning a non-const is
good enough.
Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> Reviewed-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>
Love Kumar [Tue, 19 Dec 2023 12:20:51 +0000 (17:50 +0530)]
test/py: mdio: Add tests for mdio command
Add below test cases for mdio commands:
mdio_list - To list MDIO buses
mdio_read - To read PHY's register at <devad>.<reg>
mdio_write - To write PHY's register at <devad>.<reg>
Signed-off-by: Love Kumar <love.kumar@amd.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
Tom Rini [Tue, 16 Jan 2024 14:51:16 +0000 (09:51 -0500)]
Merge tag 'qcom-2024.04-rc1' of https://gitlab.denx.de/u-boot/custodians/u-boot-snapdragon
Qualcomm architecture changes:
* Move clock and pinctrl drivers out of mach-snapdragon
* Various clock driver improvements
* Convert PMIC power/reset key driver to use the button API
* Preparetory work for migrating to upstream DT
Caleb Connolly [Mon, 15 Jan 2024 18:03:17 +0000 (18:03 +0000)]
sandbox_flattree: enable button support
sandbox_flattree enables QCOM_PMIC_GPIO which now depends on BUTTON. As
a result the button tests now get run, but fail because the ADC and GPIO
button drivers aren't enabled.
Enable them to run the tests for sandbox_flattree.
Reported-by: Neil Armstrong <neil.armstrong@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Neil Armstrong <neil.armstrong@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Caleb Connolly <caleb.connolly@linaro.org>
Caleb Connolly [Tue, 5 Dec 2023 13:46:54 +0000 (13:46 +0000)]
pmic: qcom: dont use dev_read_addr to get USID
Linux DTs stuff a value indicating if the USID is a USID or a GSID in the
reg property, the Linux SPMI driver then reads the two address cells
separately. U-boot's dev_read_addr() doesn't know how to handle this, so
use ofnode_read_u32_index() to get just the USID.
The Qcom pmic driver doesn't have support for GSID handling, so just
ignore the second value for now.
Caleb Connolly [Tue, 5 Dec 2023 13:46:48 +0000 (13:46 +0000)]
mach-snapdragon: switch to PMIC button driver
The PMIC button driver is a much better representation of the hardware
here, adjust the boards to use upstream DT and the PMIC button driver
instead of exposing the buttons as GPIOs and relying on the GPIO-button
driver.
Qualcomm PMICs include a "pon" function which handles two buttons, the
power button and "resin" button (usually volume down). Introduce a new
driver following upstream Linux DT to enable these and map them to Enter
and Down respectively to enable use in boot menus.
Reviewed-by: Neil Armstrong <neil.armstrong@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Sumit Garg <sumit.garg@linaro.org> Tested-by: Sumit Garg <sumit.garg@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Caleb Connolly <caleb.connolly@linaro.org>
priv->pid is uint32_t, but dev_read_addr() returns a uint64_t on arm64,
with the upper bits being used for error codes. Do error checking before
downcasting to u32 to prevent errors being silently ignored.
Reviewed-by: Sumit Garg <sumit.garg@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Neil Armstrong <neil.armstrong@linaro.org> Tested-by: Sumit Garg <sumit.garg@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Caleb Connolly <caleb.connolly@linaro.org>
Caleb Connolly [Tue, 14 Nov 2023 12:51:11 +0000 (12:51 +0000)]
serial: msm-geni: don't rely on parent misc device
commit 1b15483deb3f ("misc: add Qualcomm GENI SE QUP device driver")
introduced support for platform-specific oversampling values, necessary
to configure the UART clocks on all platforms at runtime. However it
relies in probing a parent device. Despite the DM_FLAG_PRE_RELOC flag,
this is not done consistently during boot.
Instead, take another approach by relying on ofnode_ helpers to read the
serial engine base address and do the read directly. This fixes early
UART on boards with a non-default oversampling rate.
Caleb Connolly [Tue, 14 Nov 2023 12:55:42 +0000 (12:55 +0000)]
pinctrl: qcom: make compatible with linux DTs
The pinctrl and GPIO drivers are currently heavily incompatible with
upstream. Most Qualcomm pinctrl blocks feature "tiles" of pins, each at
it's own address. Introduce support for these by allowing the soc driver
to specify per-pin register offsets similarly to the Linux driver.
Adjust the GPIO driver to handle these too, and finally enable support
for all pins with the same numbering as used in Linux.
Caleb Connolly [Tue, 14 Nov 2023 12:55:40 +0000 (12:55 +0000)]
pinctrl: qcom: move out of mach-snapdragon
Move the Qualcomm pinctrl drivers out of mach-snapdragon and over to the
rest of the pinctrl drivers, adjust the drivers so that support for each
platform can be enabled/disabled individually and introduce platform
specific configuration options.
Caleb Connolly [Tue, 7 Nov 2023 12:41:05 +0000 (12:41 +0000)]
clk/qcom: fix rcg divider value
The RCG divider field takes a value of (2*h - 1) where h is the divisor.
This allows fractional dividers to be supported by calculating them at
compile time using a macro.
However, the clk_rcg_set_rate_mnd() function was also performing the
calculation. Clean this all up and consistently use the F() macro to
calculate these at compile time and properly support fractional divisors.
Additionally, improve clk_bcr_update() to timeout with a warning rather
than hanging the board, and make the freq_tbl struct and helpers common
so that they can be reused by future platforms.
Caleb Connolly [Tue, 7 Nov 2023 12:41:03 +0000 (12:41 +0000)]
clk/qcom: use function pointers for enable and set_rate
Currently, it isn't possible to build clock drivers for more than one
platform due to how the msm_enable() and msm_set_rate() callbacks are
implemented.
Extend qcom_clk_data to include function pointers for these and convert
all platforms to use them.
Previously, clock drivers relied on include/configs/<board.h> to include the
board specific sysmap header, however as most of the header contents are clock
driver related, import the contents directly into each clock driver and
remove the header. The only exception here is the dragonboard820c board file
which includes some pinctrl macros, those are also inlined.
Konrad Dybcio [Tue, 7 Nov 2023 12:41:01 +0000 (12:41 +0000)]
clk/qcom: handle resets and clocks in one device
Qualcomm's clock controller blocks actually do much more than it
says on the tin.. They provide clocks, resets and power domains.
Currently, U-Boot requires one to spawn 2 separate devices for
controlling clocks and resets, both spanning the same register space.
Refactor the code to make it work with just a single DT node, making
it compatible with upstream Linux bindings and dropping the dedicated
reset driver in favour of including it in the clock driver.
Heavily inspired by Renesas code for a similar hw block.
[caleb: moved drivers to clk/qcom, added reset driver and adjusted bind
logic. Imported qcom,gcc-ipq4019.h from Linux]
Caleb Connolly [Tue, 7 Nov 2023 12:40:59 +0000 (12:40 +0000)]
clk/qcom: move from mach-snapdragon
Clock drivers don't belong here, move them to the right place and
declutter mach-snapdragon a bit.
To de-couple these drivers from specific "target" platforms, add
additional config options to enable each clock driver gated behind a
common CLK_QCOM option and enable them by default for the respective
targets. This will make future work easier as we move towards a generic
Qualcomm target.
arm: xea: Add support for boot image source descriptor in SPL
We load two boot image source descriptor structures from last
two sectors in the SPI NOR flash and determine the boot source
for loading the kernel/DTB images, then adjust the boot order for
loading image from eMMC boot0 or boot1 partition.
Yannic Moog [Mon, 15 Jan 2024 09:31:41 +0000 (10:31 +0100)]
board: phytec: fix link error when disabling PHYTEC_SOM_DETECTION
Commit aa7858fe5e2e ("board: phytec: som_detection: move definitions to
source file") moved function definitions from header to source file.
Makefile however was not updated to unconditionally (from
[..]_SOM_DETECTION) build the imx8 and phytec som detection units.
Also remove unused includes that cause build failures on arm 32bit
boards. SoM detection shall support 32bit boards as well, but arch
specific code should not be included in the generic module.