From: Ruslan Trofymenko Date: Fri, 5 Jul 2019 12:37:32 +0000 (+0300) Subject: common: Implement A/B metadata X-Git-Url: http://git.dujemihanovic.xyz/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=d65e8da92ee7d594226aeee04eb0bef5d60f8bda;p=u-boot.git common: Implement A/B metadata This patch determines the A/B-specific bootloader message structure that is the basis for implementation of recovery and A/B update functions. A/B metadata is stored in this structure and used to decide which slot should we use to boot the device. Also some basic functions for A/B metadata manipulation are implemented (like slot selection). The patch was extracted from commits [1], [2] with some coding style fixes. [1] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/external/u-boot/+/729878/2 [2] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/external/u-boot/+/729880/2 Signed-off-by: Ruslan Trofymenko Signed-off-by: Igor Opaniuk Reviewed-by: Sam Protsenko Reviewed-by: Simon Glass --- diff --git a/common/Kconfig b/common/Kconfig index 4865a4dfc8..b556b59e9f 100644 --- a/common/Kconfig +++ b/common/Kconfig @@ -821,6 +821,16 @@ config UPDATE_TFTP_MSEC_MAX default 100 depends on UPDATE_TFTP +config ANDROID_AB + bool "Android A/B updates" + default n + help + If enabled, adds support for the new Android A/B update model. This + allows the bootloader to select which slot to boot from based on the + information provided by userspace via the Android boot_ctrl HAL. This + allows a bootloader to try a new version of the system but roll back + to previous version if the new one didn't boot all the way. + endmenu menu "Blob list" diff --git a/common/Makefile b/common/Makefile index c7e41ef307..302d8beaf3 100644 --- a/common/Makefile +++ b/common/Makefile @@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ endif endif obj-y += image.o +obj-$(CONFIG_ANDROID_AB) += android_ab.o obj-$(CONFIG_ANDROID_BOOT_IMAGE) += image-android.o obj-$(CONFIG_$(SPL_TPL_)OF_LIBFDT) += image-fdt.o obj-$(CONFIG_$(SPL_TPL_)FIT) += image-fit.o diff --git a/common/android_ab.c b/common/android_ab.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..05ffc6f4e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/common/android_ab.c @@ -0,0 +1,300 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause +/* + * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project + */ +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +/** + * Compute the CRC-32 of the bootloader control struct. + * + * Only the bytes up to the crc32_le field are considered for the CRC-32 + * calculation. + * + * @param[in] abc bootloader control block + * + * @return crc32 sum + */ +static uint32_t ab_control_compute_crc(struct bootloader_control *abc) +{ + return crc32(0, (void *)abc, offsetof(typeof(*abc), crc32_le)); +} + +/** + * Initialize bootloader_control to the default value. + * + * It allows us to boot all slots in order from the first one. This value + * should be used when the bootloader message is corrupted, but not when + * a valid message indicates that all slots are unbootable. + * + * @param[in] abc bootloader control block + * + * @return 0 on success and a negative on error + */ +static int ab_control_default(struct bootloader_control *abc) +{ + int i; + const struct slot_metadata metadata = { + .priority = 15, + .tries_remaining = 7, + .successful_boot = 0, + .verity_corrupted = 0, + .reserved = 0 + }; + + if (!abc) + return -EFAULT; + + memcpy(abc->slot_suffix, "a\0\0\0", 4); + abc->magic = BOOT_CTRL_MAGIC; + abc->version = BOOT_CTRL_VERSION; + abc->nb_slot = NUM_SLOTS; + memset(abc->reserved0, 0, sizeof(abc->reserved0)); + for (i = 0; i < abc->nb_slot; ++i) + abc->slot_info[i] = metadata; + + memset(abc->reserved1, 0, sizeof(abc->reserved1)); + abc->crc32_le = ab_control_compute_crc(abc); + + return 0; +} + +/** + * Load the boot_control struct from disk into newly allocated memory. + * + * This function allocates and returns an integer number of disk blocks, + * based on the block size of the passed device to help performing a + * read-modify-write operation on the boot_control struct. + * The boot_control struct offset (2 KiB) must be a multiple of the device + * block size, for simplicity. + * + * @param[in] dev_desc Device where to read the boot_control struct from + * @param[in] part_info Partition in 'dev_desc' where to read from, normally + * the "misc" partition should be used + * @param[out] pointer to pointer to bootloader_control data + * @return 0 on success and a negative on error + */ +static int ab_control_create_from_disk(struct blk_desc *dev_desc, + const disk_partition_t *part_info, + struct bootloader_control **abc) +{ + ulong abc_offset, abc_blocks, ret; + + abc_offset = offsetof(struct bootloader_message_ab, slot_suffix); + if (abc_offset % part_info->blksz) { + log_err("ANDROID: Boot control block not block aligned.\n"); + return -EINVAL; + } + abc_offset /= part_info->blksz; + + abc_blocks = DIV_ROUND_UP(sizeof(struct bootloader_control), + part_info->blksz); + if (abc_offset + abc_blocks > part_info->size) { + log_err("ANDROID: boot control partition too small. Need at"); + log_err(" least %lu blocks but have %lu blocks.\n", + abc_offset + abc_blocks, part_info->size); + return -EINVAL; + } + *abc = malloc_cache_aligned(abc_blocks * part_info->blksz); + if (!*abc) + return -ENOMEM; + + ret = blk_dread(dev_desc, part_info->start + abc_offset, abc_blocks, + *abc); + if (IS_ERR_VALUE(ret)) { + log_err("ANDROID: Could not read from boot ctrl partition\n"); + free(*abc); + return -EIO; + } + + log_debug("ANDROID: Loaded ABC, %lu blocks\n", abc_blocks); + + return 0; +} + +/** + * Store the loaded boot_control block. + * + * Store back to the same location it was read from with + * ab_control_create_from_misc(). + * + * @param[in] dev_desc Device where we should write the boot_control struct + * @param[in] part_info Partition on the 'dev_desc' where to write + * @param[in] abc Pointer to the boot control struct and the extra bytes after + * it up to the nearest block boundary + * @return 0 on success and a negative on error + */ +static int ab_control_store(struct blk_desc *dev_desc, + const disk_partition_t *part_info, + struct bootloader_control *abc) +{ + ulong abc_offset, abc_blocks, ret; + + abc_offset = offsetof(struct bootloader_message_ab, slot_suffix) / + part_info->blksz; + abc_blocks = DIV_ROUND_UP(sizeof(struct bootloader_control), + part_info->blksz); + ret = blk_dwrite(dev_desc, part_info->start + abc_offset, abc_blocks, + abc); + if (IS_ERR_VALUE(ret)) { + log_err("ANDROID: Could not write back the misc partition\n"); + return -EIO; + } + + return 0; +} + +/** + * Compare two slots. + * + * The function determines slot which is should we boot from among the two. + * + * @param[in] a The first bootable slot metadata + * @param[in] b The second bootable slot metadata + * @return Negative if the slot "a" is better, positive of the slot "b" is + * better or 0 if they are equally good. + */ +static int ab_compare_slots(const struct slot_metadata *a, + const struct slot_metadata *b) +{ + /* Higher priority is better */ + if (a->priority != b->priority) + return b->priority - a->priority; + + /* Higher successful_boot value is better, in case of same priority */ + if (a->successful_boot != b->successful_boot) + return b->successful_boot - a->successful_boot; + + /* Higher tries_remaining is better to ensure round-robin */ + if (a->tries_remaining != b->tries_remaining) + return b->tries_remaining - a->tries_remaining; + + return 0; +} + +int ab_select_slot(struct blk_desc *dev_desc, disk_partition_t *part_info) +{ + struct bootloader_control *abc = NULL; + u32 crc32_le; + int slot, i, ret; + bool store_needed = false; + char slot_suffix[4]; + + ret = ab_control_create_from_disk(dev_desc, part_info, &abc); + if (ret < 0) { + /* + * This condition represents an actual problem with the code or + * the board setup, like an invalid partition information. + * Signal a repair mode and do not try to boot from either slot. + */ + return ret; + } + + crc32_le = ab_control_compute_crc(abc); + if (abc->crc32_le != crc32_le) { + log_err("ANDROID: Invalid CRC-32 (expected %.8x, found %.8x),", + crc32_le, abc->crc32_le); + log_err("re-initializing A/B metadata.\n"); + + ret = ab_control_default(abc); + if (ret < 0) { + free(abc); + return -ENODATA; + } + store_needed = true; + } + + if (abc->magic != BOOT_CTRL_MAGIC) { + log_err("ANDROID: Unknown A/B metadata: %.8x\n", abc->magic); + free(abc); + return -ENODATA; + } + + if (abc->version > BOOT_CTRL_VERSION) { + log_err("ANDROID: Unsupported A/B metadata version: %.8x\n", + abc->version); + free(abc); + return -ENODATA; + } + + /* + * At this point a valid boot control metadata is stored in abc, + * followed by other reserved data in the same block. We select a with + * the higher priority slot that + * - is not marked as corrupted and + * - either has tries_remaining > 0 or successful_boot is true. + * If the selected slot has a false successful_boot, we also decrement + * the tries_remaining until it eventually becomes unbootable because + * tries_remaining reaches 0. This mechanism produces a bootloader + * induced rollback, typically right after a failed update. + */ + + /* Safety check: limit the number of slots. */ + if (abc->nb_slot > ARRAY_SIZE(abc->slot_info)) { + abc->nb_slot = ARRAY_SIZE(abc->slot_info); + store_needed = true; + } + + slot = -1; + for (i = 0; i < abc->nb_slot; ++i) { + if (abc->slot_info[i].verity_corrupted || + !abc->slot_info[i].tries_remaining) { + log_debug("ANDROID: unbootable slot %d tries: %d, ", + i, abc->slot_info[i].tries_remaining); + log_debug("corrupt: %d\n", + abc->slot_info[i].verity_corrupted); + continue; + } + log_debug("ANDROID: bootable slot %d pri: %d, tries: %d, ", + i, abc->slot_info[i].priority, + abc->slot_info[i].tries_remaining); + log_debug("corrupt: %d, successful: %d\n", + abc->slot_info[i].verity_corrupted, + abc->slot_info[i].successful_boot); + + if (slot < 0 || + ab_compare_slots(&abc->slot_info[i], + &abc->slot_info[slot]) < 0) { + slot = i; + } + } + + if (slot >= 0 && !abc->slot_info[slot].successful_boot) { + log_err("ANDROID: Attempting slot %c, tries remaining %d\n", + BOOT_SLOT_NAME(slot), + abc->slot_info[slot].tries_remaining); + abc->slot_info[slot].tries_remaining--; + store_needed = true; + } + + if (slot >= 0) { + /* + * Legacy user-space requires this field to be set in the BCB. + * Newer releases load this slot suffix from the command line + * or the device tree. + */ + memset(slot_suffix, 0, sizeof(slot_suffix)); + slot_suffix[0] = BOOT_SLOT_NAME(slot); + if (memcmp(abc->slot_suffix, slot_suffix, + sizeof(slot_suffix))) { + memcpy(abc->slot_suffix, slot_suffix, + sizeof(slot_suffix)); + store_needed = true; + } + } + + if (store_needed) { + abc->crc32_le = ab_control_compute_crc(abc); + ab_control_store(dev_desc, part_info, abc); + } + free(abc); + + if (slot < 0) + return -EINVAL; + + return slot; +} diff --git a/include/android_ab.h b/include/android_ab.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..810906d22b --- /dev/null +++ b/include/android_ab.h @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause */ +/* + * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project + */ + +#ifndef __ANDROID_AB_H +#define __ANDROID_AB_H + +#include + +/* Android standard boot slot names are 'a', 'b', 'c', ... */ +#define BOOT_SLOT_NAME(slot_num) ('a' + (slot_num)) + +/* Number of slots */ +#define NUM_SLOTS 2 + +/** + * Select the slot where to boot from. + * + * On Android devices with more than one boot slot (multiple copies of the + * kernel and system images) selects which slot should be used to boot from and + * registers the boot attempt. This is used in by the new A/B update model where + * one slot is updated in the background while running from the other slot. If + * the selected slot did not successfully boot in the past, a boot attempt is + * registered before returning from this function so it isn't selected + * indefinitely. + * + * @param[in] dev_desc Place to store the device description pointer + * @param[in] part_info Place to store the partition information + * @return The slot number (>= 0) on success, or a negative on error + */ +int ab_select_slot(struct blk_desc *dev_desc, disk_partition_t *part_info); + +#endif /* __ANDROID_AB_H */