--- /dev/null
+Specifying GPIO information for devices
+============================================
+
+1) gpios property
+-----------------
+
+Nodes that makes use of GPIOs should specify them using one or more
+properties, each containing a 'gpio-list':
+
+ gpio-list ::= <single-gpio> [gpio-list]
+ single-gpio ::= <gpio-phandle> <gpio-specifier>
+ gpio-phandle : phandle to gpio controller node
+ gpio-specifier : Array of #gpio-cells specifying specific gpio
+ (controller specific)
+
+GPIO properties should be named "[<name>-]gpios", with <name> being the purpose
+of this GPIO for the device. While a non-existent <name> is considered valid
+for compatibility reasons (resolving to the "gpios" property), it is not allowed
+for new bindings.
+
+GPIO properties can contain one or more GPIO phandles, but only in exceptional
+cases should they contain more than one. If your device uses several GPIOs with
+distinct functions, reference each of them under its own property, giving it a
+meaningful name. The only case where an array of GPIOs is accepted is when
+several GPIOs serve the same function (e.g. a parallel data line).
+
+The exact purpose of each gpios property must be documented in the device tree
+binding of the device.
+
+The following example could be used to describe GPIO pins used as device enable
+and bit-banged data signals:
+
+ gpio1: gpio1 {
+ gpio-controller
+ #gpio-cells = <2>;
+ };
+ gpio2: gpio2 {
+ gpio-controller
+ #gpio-cells = <1>;
+ };
+ [...]
+
+ enable-gpios = <&gpio2 2>;
+ data-gpios = <&gpio1 12 0>,
+ <&gpio1 13 0>,
+ <&gpio1 14 0>,
+ <&gpio1 15 0>;
+
+Note that gpio-specifier length is controller dependent. In the
+above example, &gpio1 uses 2 cells to specify a gpio, while &gpio2
+only uses one.
+
+gpio-specifier may encode: bank, pin position inside the bank,
+whether pin is open-drain and whether pin is logically inverted.
+Exact meaning of each specifier cell is controller specific, and must
+be documented in the device tree binding for the device. Use the macros
+defined in include/dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h whenever possible:
+
+Example of a node using GPIOs:
+
+ node {
+ enable-gpios = <&qe_pio_e 18 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
+ };
+
+GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH is 0, so in this example gpio-specifier is "18 0" and encodes
+GPIO pin number, and GPIO flags as accepted by the "qe_pio_e" gpio-controller.
+
+1.1) GPIO specifier best practices
+----------------------------------
+
+A gpio-specifier should contain a flag indicating the GPIO polarity; active-
+high or active-low. If it does, the follow best practices should be followed:
+
+The gpio-specifier's polarity flag should represent the physical level at the
+GPIO controller that achieves (or represents, for inputs) a logically asserted
+value at the device. The exact definition of logically asserted should be
+defined by the binding for the device. If the board inverts the signal between
+the GPIO controller and the device, then the gpio-specifier will represent the
+opposite physical level than the signal at the device's pin.
+
+When the device's signal polarity is configurable, the binding for the
+device must either:
+
+a) Define a single static polarity for the signal, with the expectation that
+any software using that binding would statically program the device to use
+that signal polarity.
+
+The static choice of polarity may be either:
+
+a1) (Preferred) Dictated by a binding-specific DT property.
+
+or:
+
+a2) Defined statically by the DT binding itself.
+
+In particular, the polarity cannot be derived from the gpio-specifier, since
+that would prevent the DT from separately representing the two orthogonal
+concepts of configurable signal polarity in the device, and possible board-
+level signal inversion.
+
+or:
+
+b) Pick a single option for device signal polarity, and document this choice
+in the binding. The gpio-specifier should represent the polarity of the signal
+(at the GPIO controller) assuming that the device is configured for this
+particular signal polarity choice. If software chooses to program the device
+to generate or receive a signal of the opposite polarity, software will be
+responsible for correctly interpreting (inverting) the GPIO signal at the GPIO
+controller.
+
+2) gpio-controller nodes
+------------------------
+
+Every GPIO controller node must contain both an empty "gpio-controller"
+property, and a #gpio-cells integer property, which indicates the number of
+cells in a gpio-specifier.
+
+Example of two SOC GPIO banks defined as gpio-controller nodes:
+
+ qe_pio_a: gpio-controller@1400 {
+ compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-a", "fsl,qe-pario-bank";
+ reg = <0x1400 0x18>;
+ gpio-controller;
+ #gpio-cells = <2>;
+ };
+
+ qe_pio_e: gpio-controller@1460 {
+ compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank";
+ reg = <0x1460 0x18>;
+ gpio-controller;
+ #gpio-cells = <2>;
+ };
+
+2.1) gpio- and pin-controller interaction
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Some or all of the GPIOs provided by a GPIO controller may be routed to pins
+on the package via a pin controller. This allows muxing those pins between
+GPIO and other functions.
+
+It is useful to represent which GPIOs correspond to which pins on which pin
+controllers. The gpio-ranges property described below represents this, and
+contains information structures as follows:
+
+ gpio-range-list ::= <single-gpio-range> [gpio-range-list]
+ single-gpio-range ::= <numeric-gpio-range> | <named-gpio-range>
+ numeric-gpio-range ::=
+ <pinctrl-phandle> <gpio-base> <pinctrl-base> <count>
+ named-gpio-range ::= <pinctrl-phandle> <gpio-base> '<0 0>'
+ gpio-phandle : phandle to pin controller node.
+ gpio-base : Base GPIO ID in the GPIO controller
+ pinctrl-base : Base pinctrl pin ID in the pin controller
+ count : The number of GPIOs/pins in this range
+
+The "pin controller node" mentioned above must conform to the bindings
+described in ../pinctrl/pinctrl-bindings.txt.
+
+In case named gpio ranges are used (ranges with both <pinctrl-base> and
+<count> set to 0), the property gpio-ranges-group-names contains one string
+for every single-gpio-range in gpio-ranges:
+ gpiorange-names-list ::= <gpiorange-name> [gpiorange-names-list]
+ gpiorange-name : Name of the pingroup associated to the GPIO range in
+ the respective pin controller.
+
+Elements of gpiorange-names-list corresponding to numeric ranges contain
+the empty string. Elements of gpiorange-names-list corresponding to named
+ranges contain the name of a pin group defined in the respective pin
+controller. The number of pins/GPIOs in the range is the number of pins in
+that pin group.
+
+Previous versions of this binding required all pin controller nodes that
+were referenced by any gpio-ranges property to contain a property named
+#gpio-range-cells with value <3>. This requirement is now deprecated.
+However, that property may still exist in older device trees for
+compatibility reasons, and would still be required even in new device
+trees that need to be compatible with older software.
+
+Example 1:
+
+ qe_pio_e: gpio-controller@1460 {
+ #gpio-cells = <2>;
+ compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank";
+ reg = <0x1460 0x18>;
+ gpio-controller;
+ gpio-ranges = <&pinctrl1 0 20 10>, <&pinctrl2 10 50 20>;
+ };
+
+Here, a single GPIO controller has GPIOs 0..9 routed to pin controller
+pinctrl1's pins 20..29, and GPIOs 10..19 routed to pin controller pinctrl2's
+pins 50..59.
+
+Example 2:
+
+ gpio_pio_i: gpio-controller@14B0 {
+ #gpio-cells = <2>;
+ compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank";
+ reg = <0x1480 0x18>;
+ gpio-controller;
+ gpio-ranges = <&pinctrl1 0 20 10>,
+ <&pinctrl2 10 0 0>,
+ <&pinctrl1 15 0 10>,
+ <&pinctrl2 25 0 0>;
+ gpio-ranges-group-names = "",
+ "foo",
+ "",
+ "bar";
+ };
+
+Here, three GPIO ranges are defined wrt. two pin controllers. pinctrl1 GPIO
+ranges are defined using pin numbers whereas the GPIO ranges wrt. pinctrl2
+are named "foo" and "bar".
projects / u-boot.git / commitdiff