fs: fat: calculate FAT type based on cluster count

fs: fat: calculate FAT type based on cluster count

This fixes an issue where the FAT type (FAT12, FAT16) is not
correctly detected, e.g. when the BPB field BS_FilSysType contains the
valid value "FAT     ".

According to the FAT spec the field BS_FilSysType has only
informational character and does not determine the FAT type.

The logic of this code is based on the linux kernel implementation
from the file fs/fat/inode.c function fat_fill_super().

For details about FAT see http://elm-chan.org/docs/fat_e.html

Signed-off-by: Christian Taedcke <christian.taedcke@weidmueller.com>